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    In vitro Immunomodulatory effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde in pig intestinal epithelial cell 1 line (IPEC-J2)

    Thymol and cinnamaldehyde are phytogenic feed additives (PFAs) developed to improve gut health and growth performance in poultry and swine. This study aims to evaluate in vitro immune modulating effects of thymol and cinnamaldehyde blend (TCB) in the porcine gut epithelial cell line (IPEC-J2). Cytotoxicity, permeability, wound-healing and bacteria adhesion assays were used for evaluation. The expression of cytokines, tight junctions and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) were measured by RT-PCR. IPEC-J2 cells cultured in the presence of TCB at concentrations ranging from 1 ng/ml to 1 μg/ml displayed high viability (> 90%). TCB increased barrier integrity (13.8% less in LPS-induced leak, P<0.05) and accelerated the initial speed of wound recovery (day 1, 26% wound recovery in TCB treated vs 7% in control, P<0.05; day 2, 54 vs 39%, P<0.001). RT-PCR analysis of cell culture showed that TCB upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (73.3%, P<0.05) in non-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells. While stimulated, pIgR (9.7%, P<0.05) and tight junctions claudin-4 (CLDN4, 9.4%, P<0.05) were upregulated by TCB. Furthermore, TCB significantly increased Lactobacillus acidophilus adherence to gut epithelial cells (285.0%, P<0.05).Overall, the current in vitro study shows that TCB induces various immune responses, which may explain its in vivo benefits as feed additive.
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    Document information
    Product / service: Essential oils
    Publication date: 12/11/2020
    Species: Multi-species
    Authors: Kragh KM, Shen, C, Rasmussen, P.B., Christensen, L.G.
    Doctype: Publications & Citations
    Publication / conference: Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition
    Regions and countries:
    Keywords: essential oil compounds, in-vitro
    Production challenge(s):
    Diets: All diets
    Brands: Enviva® EO
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